PhenoAge (years); Phenotypic Age Advancement (PhenoAge minus chronological age)
Validated population
NHANES III (training) and NHANES IV / NHANES 1999-2010 (validation), US adults
Open or commercial
open
Formula publicly available
Yes — Levine et al. 2018, Aging (Albany NY), supplementary formula (Gompertz proportional hazards coefficients)
Required inputs
Albumin (g/dL)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
Glucose (mg/dL)
C-reactive protein, log (mg/L)
Lymphocyte percent (%)
Mean cell volume, MCV (fL)
Red cell distribution width, RDW (%)
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
White blood cell count (1000 cells/uL)
Chronological age (years)
Original publication
Levine ME, Lu AT, Quach A, et al. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY). 2018;10(4):573-591. DOI: 10.18632/aging.101414 · PMID: 29676998
Limitations
Coefficients derived from US NHANES population; generalizability outside that population is not established by the original study.
A Gompertz mortality-risk model fit to 9 clinical biomarkers, not a direct biological measurement of aging.
Sensitive to which lab performed the assay and reference ranges/units used.
Distinct from 'DNAm PhenoAge', an epigenetic clock trained to predict this same phenotypic age score from blood DNA methylation.